Wednesday, June 8, 2022

Oracle Database 21c Installation On Fedora 36 (F36)

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This article describes the installation of Oracle Database 21c 64-bit on Fedora 36 (F36) 64-bit. The article is based on a server installation with a minimum of 2G swap and secure Linux set to permissive. 

◉ Download Software

Download the Oracle software from OTN or MOS depending on your support status.

- OTN: Oracle Database 21c (21.3) Software (64-bit).

- edelivery: Oracle Database 21c (21.3) Software (64-bit)

◉ Hosts File

The "/etc/hosts" file must contain a fully qualified name for the server.

<IP-address>  <fully-qualified-machine-name>  <machine-name>

For example.

127.0.0.1       localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4

192.168.56.141  fedora36.localdomain  fedora36

Set the correct hostname in the "/etc/hostname" file.

fedora36.localdomain

◉ Set Kernel Parameters

Add the following lines to the "/etc/sysctl.conf" file, or in a file called "/etc/sysctl.d/98-oracle.conf".

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.shmall = 1073741824

kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104

kernel.panic_on_oops = 1

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2

net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

Run one of the following commands to change the current kernel parameters, depending on which file you edited.

/sbin/sysctl -p

# Or

/sbin/sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/98-oracle.conf

Add the following lines to a file called "/etc/security/limits.d/oracle-database-server-21c-preinstall.conf" file.

oracle   soft   nofile    1024

oracle   hard   nofile    65536

oracle   soft   nproc    16384

oracle   hard   nproc    16384

oracle   soft   stack    10240

oracle   hard   stack    32868

oracle   hard   memlock    134217728

oracle   soft   memlock    134217728

oracle   soft   data    unlimited

oracle   hard   data    unlimited

Stop and disable the firewall. You can configure it later if you wish.

# systemctl stop firewalld

# systemctl disable firewalld

Set SELinux to permissive by editing the "/etc/selinux/config" file, making sure the SELINUX flag is set as follows.

SELINUX=permissive

The server will need a reboot for the change to take effect.

◉ Setup

The following packages are listed as required. Some are commented out as they are not present in the Fedora repository.

dnf install -y bc

dnf install -y binutils

dnf install -y compat-openssl10

dnf install -y elfutils-libelf

dnf install -y glibc

dnf install -y glibc-devel

dnf install -y ksh

dnf install -y libaio

dnf install -y libXrender

dnf install -y libX11

dnf install -y libXau

dnf install -y libXi

dnf install -y libXtst

dnf install -y libgcc

dnf install -y libnsl

dnf install -y libstdc++

dnf install -y libxcb

dnf install -y libibverbs

dnf install -y make

dnf install -y policycoreutils

dnf install -y policycoreutils-python-utils

dnf install -y smartmontools

dnf install -y sysstat

# Added by me.

yum install -y unixODBC

# compat-libpthread-nonshared.

dnf install -y libnsl2

dnf install -y libnsl2.i686

dnf install -y libxcrypt-compat

dnf install -y http://rpmfind.net/linux/fedora/linux/development/rawhide/Everything/x86_64/os/Packages/c/compat-libpthread-nonshared-2.35.9000-17.fc37.x86_64.rpm

#dnf update -y

Create the new groups and users.

groupadd -g 54321 oinstall

groupadd -g 54322 dba

groupadd -g 54323 oper

#groupadd -g 54324 backupdba

#groupadd -g 54325 dgdba

#groupadd -g 54326 kmdba

#groupadd -g 54328 asmdba

#groupadd -g 54328 asmoper

#groupadd -g 54329 asmadmin

useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle

passwd oracle

We are not going to use the extra groups, but include them if you do plan on using them.

Create the directories in which the Oracle software will be installed.

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1

mkdir -p /u02/oradata

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01 /u02

chmod -R 775 /u01 /u02

Putting mount points directly under root without mounting separate disks to them is typically a bad idea. It's done here for simplicity, but for a real installation "/" storage should be reserved for the OS.

If you are using X Emulation, login as root and issue the following command.

xhost +<machine-name>

You will need to add the following symbolic links or the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) will not start.

# Fix for Oracle on Fedora.

rm -f /usr/lib64/libnsl.so.1

rm -f /usr/lib/libnsl.so.1

ln -s /usr/lib64/libnsl.so.3.0.0 /usr/lib64/libnsl.so.1

ln -s /usr/lib/libnsl.so.3.0.0 /usr/lib/libnsl.so.1

Set up the environment for the "oracle" user. The "$" characters are escaped using "\". If you are not creating the file with the cat command, you will need to remove the escape characters.

mkdir -p /home/oracle/scripts

cat > /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh <<EOF

# Oracle Settings

export TMP=/tmp

export TMPDIR=\$TMP

export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=fedora36.localdomain

export ORACLE_UNQNAME=cdb1

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=\$ORACLE_BASE/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1

export ORA_INVENTORY=/u01/app/oraInvenotry

export ORACLE_SID=cdb1

export PDB_NAME=pdb1

export DATA_DIR=/u02/oradata

export PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:\$PATH

export PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/bin:\$PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

export CLASSPATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:\$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

EOF

echo ". /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/scripts

◉ Installation

Log into the oracle user. If you are using X emulation then set the DISPLAY environmental variable.

DISPLAY=<machine-name>:0.0; export DISPLAY

Perform a software-only installation either using interactive mode (GUI) or silent mode and run the root scripts when prompted. Notice the setting of the CV_ASSUME_DISTID environment variable, so fake the OS.

# Unzip software.

cd $ORACLE_HOME

unzip -oq /path/to/software/LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip

# Fix for linking error suggested by Steven Kennedy.

cd $ORACLE_HOME/lib/stubs

mv libc.so libc.so.hide

mv libc.so.6 libc.so.6.hide

# Fake OS.

export CV_ASSUME_DISTID=OEL7.8

# Interactive mode.

#./runInstaller

# Silent mode.

./runInstaller -ignorePrereq -waitforcompletion -silent                        \

    -responseFile ${ORACLE_HOME}/install/response/db_install.rsp               \

    oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY                                    \

    ORACLE_HOSTNAME=${ORACLE_HOSTNAME}                                         \

    UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall                                                   \

    INVENTORY_LOCATION=${ORA_INVENTORY}                                        \

    SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,en_GB                                                \

    ORACLE_HOME=${ORACLE_HOME}                                                 \

    ORACLE_BASE=${ORACLE_BASE}                                                 \

    oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE                                        \

    oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba                                          \

    oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba                                    \

    oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba                                        \

    oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba                                        \

    oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba                                       \

    SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false                                 \

    DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

Run the root scripts when prompted.

As a root user, execute the following script(s):

        1. /u01/app/oraInvenotry/orainstRoot.sh

        2. /u01/app/oracle/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

You are now ready to create a database.

◉ Database Creation

You create a database using the Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA). The interactive mode will display GUI screens to allow user input, while the silent mode will create the database without displaying any screens, as all required options are already specified on the command line.

# Start the listener.

lsnrctl start

# Interactive mode.

# dbca

# Silent mode.

dbca -silent -createDatabase                                                   \

     -templateName General_Purpose.dbc                                         \

     -gdbname ${ORACLE_SID} -sid  ${ORACLE_SID} -responseFile NO_VALUE         \

     -characterSet AL32UTF8                                                    \

     -sysPassword SysPassword1                                                 \

     -systemPassword SysPassword1                                              \

     -createAsContainerDatabase true                                           \

     -numberOfPDBs 1                                                           \

     -pdbName ${PDB_NAME}                                                      \

     -pdbAdminPassword PdbPassword1                                            \

     -databaseType MULTIPURPOSE                                                \

     -memoryMgmtType auto_sga                                                  \

     -totalMemory 2000                                                         \

     -storageType FS                                                           \

     -datafileDestination "${DATA_DIR}"                                        \

     -redoLogFileSize 50                                                       \

     -emConfiguration NONE                                                     \

     -ignorePreReqs

◉ Post Installation

Edit the "/etc/oratab" file setting the restart flag for each instance to 'Y'.

cdb1:/u01/app/oracle/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1:Y

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