Oracle Text, previously know as interMedia Text and ConText, is an extensive full text indexing technology allowing you to efficiently query free text and produce document classification applications. In this article I'll only scratch the surface of this very complex feature.
◉ Setup
The examples in this article require access to the CTX_DDL package, which is granted as follows.
GRANT EXECUTE ON CTX_DDL TO <username>;
◉ CONTEXT Indexes
The CONTEXT index type is used to index large amounts of text such as Word, PDF, XML, HTML or plain text documents. In this example we will store the data in a BLOB column, which allows us to store binary documents like Word and PDF as well as plain text. Using a CLOB is preferable if only plain text documents are being used.
First we build a sample schema to hold our data.
DROP TABLE my_docs;
DROP SEQUENCE my_docs_seq;
DROP PROCEDURE load_file_to_my_docs;
CREATE TABLE my_docs (
id NUMBER(10) NOT NULL,
name VARCHAR2(200) NOT NULL,
doc BLOB NOT NULL
);
ALTER TABLE my_docs ADD (
CONSTRAINT my_docs_pk PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
CREATE SEQUENCE my_docs_seq;
CREATE OR REPLACE DIRECTORY documents AS 'C:\work';
Next we load several files as follows.
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE load_file_to_my_docs (p_file_name IN my_docs.name%TYPE) AS
v_bfile BFILE;
v_blob BLOB;
BEGIN
INSERT INTO my_docs (id, name, doc)
VALUES (my_docs_seq.NEXTVAL, p_file_name, empty_blob())
RETURN doc INTO v_blob;
v_bfile := BFILENAME('DOCUMENTS', p_file_name);
Dbms_Lob.Fileopen(v_bfile, Dbms_Lob.File_Readonly);
Dbms_Lob.Loadfromfile(v_blob, v_bfile, Dbms_Lob.Getlength(v_bfile));
Dbms_Lob.Fileclose(v_bfile);
COMMIT;
END;
/
EXEC load_file_to_my_docs('FullTextIndexingUsingOracleText9i.doc');
EXEC load_file_to_my_docs('FullTextIndexingUsingOracleText9i.asp');
EXEC load_file_to_my_docs('XMLOverHTTP9i.asp');
EXEC load_file_to_my_docs('UNIXForDBAs.asp');
EXEC load_file_to_my_docs('emp_ws_access.sql');
EXEC load_file_to_my_docs('emp_ws_test.html');
EXEC load_file_to_my_docs('9ivsSS2000forPerformanceV22.pdf');
Next we create a CONTEXT type index on the doc column and gather table statistics.
CREATE INDEX my_docs_doc_idx ON my_docs(doc) INDEXTYPE IS CTXSYS.CONTEXT;
EXEC DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS(USER, 'MY_DOCS', cascade=>TRUE);
Finally we query table looking for documents with specific content.
SELECT SCORE(1) score, id, name
FROM my_docs
WHERE CONTAINS(doc, 'SQL Server', 1) > 0
ORDER BY SCORE(1) DESC;
SCORE ID NAME
---------- ---------- ------------------------------------------------
100 127 9ivsSS2000forPerformanceV22.pdf
1 row selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0 SELECT STATEMENT Optimizer=CHOOSE (Cost=4 Card=2 Bytes=58)
1 0 SORT (ORDER BY) (Cost=4 Card=2 Bytes=58)
2 1 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'MY_DOCS' (Cost=2 Card=2 Bytes=58)
3 2 DOMAIN INDEX OF 'MY_DOCS_DOC_IDX' (Cost=0)
SELECT SCORE(1) score, id, name
FROM my_docs
WHERE CONTAINS(doc, 'XML', 1) > 0
ORDER BY SCORE(1) DESC;
SCORE ID NAME
---------- ---------- ------------------------------------------------
74 123 XMLOverHTTP9i.asp
9 125 emp_ws_access.sql
2 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0 SELECT STATEMENT Optimizer=CHOOSE (Cost=4 Card=2 Bytes=58)
1 0 SORT (ORDER BY) (Cost=4 Card=2 Bytes=58)
2 1 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'MY_DOCS' (Cost=2 Card=2 Bytes=58)
3 2 DOMAIN INDEX OF 'MY_DOCS_DOC_IDX' (Cost=0)
◉ CTXCAT Indexes
The CTXCAT index type is best suited to smaller text fragments that must be indexed along with other relational data. In this example the data will be stored in a VARCHAR2 column.
First we create a schema to hold the data.
DROP TABLE my_items;
DROP SEQUENCE my_items_seq;
EXEC CTX_DDL.DROP_INDEX_SET('my_items_iset');
CREATE TABLE my_items (
id NUMBER(10) NOT NULL,
name VARCHAR2(200) NOT NULL,
description VARCHAR2(4000) NOT NULL,
price NUMBER(7,2) NOT NULL
);
ALTER TABLE my_items ADD (
CONSTRAINT my_items_pk PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
CREATE SEQUENCE my_items_seq;
Next we populate the schema with some dummy data.
BEGIN
FOR i IN 1 .. 1000 LOOP
INSERT INTO my_items (id, name, description, price)
VALUES (my_items_seq.NEXTVAL, 'Bike: '||i, 'Bike Description ('||i||')', i);
END LOOP;
FOR i IN 1 .. 1000 LOOP
INSERT INTO my_items (id, name, description, price)
VALUES (my_items_seq.NEXTVAL, 'Car: '||i, 'Car Description ('||i||')', i);
END LOOP;
FOR i IN 1 .. 1000 LOOP
INSERT INTO my_items (id, name, description, price)
VALUES (my_items_seq.NEXTVAL, 'House: '||i, 'House Description ('||i||')', i);
END LOOP;
COMMIT;
END;
/
Next we create a CTXCAT index on the DESCRIPTION and PRICE columns and gather table statistics. In order to create the index we must create an index-set with a sub-index for each column referenced by the CATSEARCH function.
EXEC CTX_DDL.CREATE_INDEX_SET('my_items_iset');
EXEC CTX_DDL.ADD_INDEX('my_items_iset','price');
CREATE INDEX my_items_name_idx ON my_items(description) INDEXTYPE IS CTXSYS.CTXCAT
PARAMETERS ('index set my_items_iset');
EXEC DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS(USER, 'MY_ITEMS', cascade=>TRUE);
Finally we query table looking for items with a description that contains our specified words and an appropriate price.
SELECT id, price, name
FROM my_items
WHERE CATSEARCH(description, 'Bike', 'price BETWEEN 1 AND 5')> 0;
ID PRICE NAME
---------- ---------- ------------------------------------------------
1 1 Bike: 1
2 2 Bike: 2
3 3 Bike: 3
4 4 Bike: 4
5 5 Bike: 5
5 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0 SELECT STATEMENT Optimizer=CHOOSE (Cost=2 Card=150 Bytes=6000)
1 0 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'MY_ITEMS' (Cost=2 Card=150 Bytes=6000)
2 1 DOMAIN INDEX OF 'MY_ITEMS_NAME_IDX'
SELECT id, price, name
FROM my_items
WHERE CATSEARCH(description, 'Car', 'price BETWEEN 101 AND 105 ORDER BY price DESC')> 0;
ID PRICE NAME
---------- ---------- ------------------------------------------------
1105 105 Car: 105
1104 104 Car: 104
1103 103 Car: 103
1102 102 Car: 102
1101 101 Car: 101
5 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0 SELECT STATEMENT Optimizer=CHOOSE (Cost=2 Card=150 Bytes=6000)
1 0 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'MY_ITEMS' (Cost=2 Card=150 Bytes=6000)
2 1 DOMAIN INDEX OF 'MY_ITEMS_NAME_IDX'
Every column used to restrict the selection or order the output in the CATSEARCH function should have a sub-index within the index-set. The CTXCAT index type is transactional so there is no need to synchronize the index.
◉ CTXRULE Indexes
The CTXRULE index type can be used to build document classification applications.
First we must define our document categories and store them, along with a suitable query for the MATCHES function.
DROP TABLE my_doc_categories;
DROP TABLE my_categories;
DROP SEQUENCE my_categories_seq;
DROP TABLE my_docs;
DROP SEQUENCE my_docs_seq;
CREATE TABLE my_categories (
id NUMBER(10) NOT NULL,
category VARCHAR2(30) NOT NULL,
query VARCHAR2(2000) NOT NULL
);
ALTER TABLE my_categories ADD (
CONSTRAINT my_categories_pk PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
CREATE SEQUENCE my_categories_seq;
INSERT INTO my_categories VALUES(my_categories_seq.NEXTVAL, 'Oracle', 'ABOUT(Oracle)');
INSERT INTO my_categories VALUES(my_categories_seq.NEXTVAL, 'SQL Server', 'ABOUT(SQL Server)');
INSERT INTO my_categories VALUES(my_categories_seq.NEXTVAL, 'UNIX', 'ABOUT(UNIX)');
Next we create a table to hold our documents.
CREATE TABLE my_docs (
id NUMBER(10) NOT NULL,
name VARCHAR2(200) NOT NULL,
doc CLOB NOT NULL
);
ALTER TABLE my_docs ADD (
CONSTRAINT my_docs_pk PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
CREATE SEQUENCE my_docs_seq;
Then we create an intersection table to resolve the many-to-many relationship between documents and categories.
CREATE TABLE my_doc_categories (
my_doc_id NUMBER(10) NOT NULL,
my_category_id NUMBER(10) NOT NULL
);
ALTER TABLE my_doc_categories ADD (
CONSTRAINT my_doc_categories_pk PRIMARY KEY (my_doc_id, my_category_id)
);
Next we create a BEFORE INSERT trigger on the MY_DOCS table to automatically assign the documents to the relevant categories as they are being inserted. The MATCHES function is used to decide if the document matches any of our gategory queries. The resulting cursor is used to insert the matches into the intersect table.
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER my_docs_trg
BEFORE INSERT ON my_docs
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
FOR c1 IN (SELECT id
FROM my_categories
WHERE MATCHES(query, :new.doc)>0)
LOOP
BEGIN
INSERT INTO my_doc_categories(my_doc_id, my_category_id)
VALUES (:new.id, c1.id);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
NULL;
END;
END LOOP;
END;
/
Next we create the CTXRULE index to support the trigger. For completeness we also create a CONTEXT index on the document itself, although this is not involved in the category assignment process.
CREATE INDEX my_categories_query_idx ON my_categories(query) INDEXTYPE IS CTXSYS.CTXRULE;
CREATE INDEX my_docs_doc_idx ON my_docs(doc) INDEXTYPE IS CTXSYS.CONTEXT;
EXEC DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS(USER, 'MY_CATEGORIES', cascade=>TRUE);
EXEC DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS(USER, 'MY_DOCS', cascade=>TRUE);
EXEC DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS(USER, 'MY_DOC_CATEGORIES', cascade=>TRUE);
Finally we test the mechanism by inserting some rows and checking the classification.
INSERT INTO my_docs (id, name, doc)
VALUES (my_docs_seq.NEXTVAL, 'Oracle Document', 'This document constains the word Oracle!');
INSERT INTO my_docs (id, name, doc)
VALUES (my_docs_seq.NEXTVAL, 'SQL Server Document', 'This document constains the words SQL Server!');
INSERT INTO my_docs (id, name, doc)
VALUES (my_docs_seq.NEXTVAL, 'UNIX Document', 'This document constains the word UNIX!');
INSERT INTO my_docs (id, name, doc)
VALUES (my_docs_seq.NEXTVAL, 'Oracle UNIX Document', 'This document constains the word UNIX and the word Oracle!');
COLUMN name FORMAT A30;
SELECT a.name, b.category
FROM my_docs a,
my_categories b,
my_doc_categories c
WHERE c.my_doc_id = a.id
AND c.my_category_id = b.id;
NAME CATEGORY
------------------------------ ------------------------------
Oracle Document Oracle
SQL Server Document SQL Server
UNIX Document UNIX
Oracle UNIX Document UNIX
Oracle UNIX Document Oracle
5 rows selected.
The output shows that the documents have been assigned to the correct categories. Note, the "Oracle UNIX Document" document has been assigned to both the "Oracle" and "UNIX" categories.
◉ Index Maintenance
Not all Oracle Text indexes are automatically updated as records are added or deleted. To synchronize the index with the table you must call.
SQL> EXEC CTX_DDL.SYNC_INDEX('my_docs_doc_idx');
Regular synchronizations of the index can be automated using the DBMS_JOB package. The following script is provided to make this task easier.
$ORACLE_HOME/ctx/sample/script/drjobdml.sql
It can be called from SQL*Plus whilst logged on as the index owner as follows.
SQL> @drjobdml.sql index-name interval-mins
SQL> @drjobdml.sql my_docs_doc_idx 60
Regular synchronization of text indexes can cause fragmentation which affects query performance. To correct this situation the index can be rebuilt or optimized. Index optimization can be performed in three basic modes (FAST, FULL or TOKEN). The FAST mode compacts fragmented rows but does not remove old data.
BEGIN
CTX_DDL.OPTIMIZE_INDEX('my_docs_doc_idx','FAST');
END;
/
The FULL mode optimizes either the entire index or a portion of it, with old data removed.
BEGIN
CTX_DDL.OPTIMIZE_INDEX('my_docs_doc_idx','FULL');
END;
/
The TOKEN mode perfoms a full optimization for a specific token.
BEGIN
CTX_DDL.OPTIMIZE_INDEX('my_docs_doc_idx','TOKEN', token=>'Oracle');
END;
/
Source: oracle-base.com
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